PIA10375.jpg = <h1>PIA10375:  Two Radar Sounders Examine South Polar Layered Deposits on Mars</h1><div class="PIA10375" lang="en" style="width:800px;text-align:left;margin:auto;background-color:#000;padding:10px;max-height:150px;overflow:auto;"><p>Two complementary radar sounder instruments work together to discover hidden Martian secrets. They are the Mars Advanced Radar for Subsurface and Ionospheric Sounding (MARSIS) on the European Space Agency's Mars Express orbiter and the Shallow Subsurface Radar (SHARAD) on NASA's Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter. </p><p>MARSIS was designed to penetrate deep and it has delivered on its promise. This figure shows the base of Mars' south polar layered deposits at the deepest recorded point of 3.7 kilometer (2.3 miles). </p><p>In contrast, SHARAD was designed as a high-resolution radar for a maximum penetration of 1 kilometer (0.6 mile) has difficulty detecting the base of these layered deposits. </p><p>MARSIS was funded by NASA and the Italian Space Agency and developed by the University of Rome, Italy, in partnership with NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif. Italy provided the instrument's digital processing system and integrated the parts. The University of Iowa, Iowa City, built the transmitter for the instrument, JPL built the receiver and Astro Aerospace, Carpinteria, Calif., built the antenna. JPL is a division of the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena. Additional information about Mars Express is at <a href="http://www.esa.int/marsexpress" class="external free" target="wpext">www.esa.int/marsexpress</a>.</p><p>SHARAD was provided by the Italian Space Agency (ASI). Its operations are led by the University of Rome and its data are analyzed by a joint U.S.-Italian science team. JPL, a division of the California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, manages the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter for the NASA Science Mission Directorate, Washington.<br /><br /><a href="http://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA10375" onclick="window.open(this.href); return false;" title="Voir l'image 	 PIA10375:  Two Radar Sounders Examine South Polar Layered Deposits on Mars	  sur le site de la NASA">Voir l'image 	 PIA10375:  Two Radar Sounders Examine South Polar Layered Deposits on Mars	  sur le site de la NASA.</a></div> |  | PIA10375:  Two Radar Sounders Examine South Polar Layered Deposits on Mars
PIA10376.jpg = <h1>PIA10376:  Mars Radar Opens a Planet's Third Dimension</h1><div class="PIA10376" lang="en" style="width:638px;text-align:left;margin:auto;background-color:#000;padding:10px;max-height:150px;overflow:auto;"><p>Radar sounder instruments orbiting Mars have looked beneath the Martian surface and opened up the third dimension for planetary exploration. The technique's success is prompting scientists to think of all the other places in the Solar System where they would like to use radar sounders. </p><p>The first radar sounder at Mars was the Mars Advanced Radar for Subsurface and Ionospheric Sounding (MARSIS) on the European Space Agency's Mars Express Orbiter. It has been joined by the complementary Shallow Subsurface Radar (SHARAD), operating at a different wavelength aboard NASA's Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter. The data in this animation are from SHARAD.<br /><br /><a href="http://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA10376" onclick="window.open(this.href); return false;" title="Voir l'image 	 PIA10376:  Mars Radar Opens a Planet's Third Dimension	  sur le site de la NASA">Voir l'image 	 PIA10376:  Mars Radar Opens a Planet's Third Dimension	  sur le site de la NASA.</a></div> |  | PIA10376:  Mars Radar Opens a Planet's Third Dimension
face2_marsexpress_big.jpg = face2_marsexpress_big.jpg |  | face2_marsexpress_big.jpg
cydonia_marsexpress_big.jpg = cydonia_marsexpress_big.jpg |  | cydonia_marsexpress_big.jpg